What is HTML?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
HTML describes the structure of a Web page
HTML consists of a series of elements
HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
Invention :
1989 Tim Berners-Lee invented www
1991 Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML
Example program :
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Save with any name (.html)
Elements:
The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
The <h1> element defines a large heading
The <p> element defines a paragraph
The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing tag:
HTML Headings: HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Headings</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 3</h4>
<h5>This is heading 3</h5>
<h6>This is heading 3</h6>
</body>
</html>
HTML Paragraphs : HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>Paragraphs</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Links : HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title> Links </title>
<body>
<a href="https://computergravity.blogspot.com/">Computer notes</a>
</body>
</head>
</html>
The src Attribute
The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute specifies the path to the image to be displayed:
Example
<html>
<head>
<title> Heading </title>
<body>
<img src="anu.jpg">
</body>
</head>
</html>
The width and height Attributes
The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specify the width and height of the image (in pixels):
Example
<html>
<head>
<title> Heading </title>
<body>
<img src="anu.jpg" width="500" height="500">
</body>
</head>
</html>
The alt Attribute
The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to a slow connection, or an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title> Heading </title>
<body>
<img src="anu.jpg" alt="anushka image">
</body>
</head>
</html>
HTML Styles
The HTML style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.
Background Color
The CSS background-color property defines the background color for an HTML element.
Example
Set the background color for a page to green:
<html>
<head>
<title>welcome</title>
<body style="background-color:green;">
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Set background color for two different elements:
Example :
<html>
<head>
<title>welcome</title>
<body style="background-color:green;">
<h1 style="background-color:powderblue;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="background-color:tomato;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Text Color
The CSS color property defines the text color for an HTML element:
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>welcome</title>
<body style="background-color:green;">
<h1 style="color:powderblue;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="color:tomato;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Fonts
The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used for an HTML element:
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>welcome</title>
<body style="background-color:green;">
<h1 style="font-family:Algerian;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:arial;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Text Size
The CSS font-size property defines the text size for an HTML element:
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>welcome</title>
<body style="background-color:green;">
<h1 style="font-size:100%;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-size:300%;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Text Alignment
The CSS text-align property defines the horizontal text alignment for an HTML element:
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>welcome</title>
<body style="background-color:green;">
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Centered Heading</h1>
<p style="text-align:right;">Centered paragraph.</p>
</body>
</head>
</html>
HTML Text Formatting
HTML <b> and <strong> Elements :
The HTML <b> element defines bold text, without any extra importance.
Example:
<b>This text is bold</b>
<strong>This text is important!</strong>
HTML <i> and <em> Elements :
The HTML <i> element defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood. The content inside is typically displayed in italic.
Tip: The <i> tag is often used to indicate a technical term, a phrase from another language, a thought, a ship name, etc.
Example:
<i>This text is italic</i>
The HTML <em> element defines emphasized text. The content inside is typically displayed in italic.
Tip: A screen reader will pronounce the words in <em> with an emphasis, using verbal stress.
Example:
<em>This text is emphasized</em>
HTML <small> Element:
The HTML <small> element defines smaller text:
Example:
<small>This is some smaller text.</small>
HTML <mark> Element:
The HTML <mark> element defines text that should be marked or highlighted:
Example:
<p>Do not forget to buy <mark>milk</mark> today.</p>
HTML <del> Element :
The HTML <del> element defines text that has been deleted from a document. Browsers will usually strike a line through deleted text:
Example:
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> red.</p>
HTML <ins> Element :
The HTML <ins> element defines a text that has been inserted into a document. Browsers will usually underline inserted text:
Example:
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> <ins>red</ins>.</p>
HTML <sub> Element :
The HTML <sub> element defines subscript text. Subscript text appears half a character below the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Subscript text can be used for chemical formulas, like H2O:
Example:
<p>This is <sub>subscripted</sub> text.</p>
HTML <sup> Element :
The HTML <sup> element defines superscript text. Superscript text appears half a character above the normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Superscript text can be used for footnotes, like WWW[1]:
Example:
<p>This is <sup>superscripted</sup> text.</p>
HTML text formatting example program :
<html>
<head>
<title> Heading </title>
<body>
<b>COMPUTER</b> <br>
<strong>This text is important!</strong> <br>
<i>input</i> <br>
<em>output</em> <br>
<small> Central processing unit</small> <br>
<p>Do not forget to buy <mark>milk</mark> today.</p>
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> red.</p>
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> <ins>red</ins>.</p>
<p>H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
<p>A<sup>2</sup></p>
</body>
</head>
</html>
HTML colors :
HTML borders: You can set the color of borders:
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title> Heading </title>
<body>
<h1 style="border:2px solid black;">Hello World</h1>
<h1 style="border:4px solid DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>
<h1 style="border:6px solid green;">Hello World</h1>
</body>
</head>
</html>
Color Values
In HTML, colors can also be specified using RGB values, HEX values, HSL values, RGBA values, and HSLA values.
The following three <div> elements have their background color set with RGB, HEX, and HSL values:
Example codes :
rgb(255, 99, 71)
#ff6347
hsl(9, 100%, 64%)
Example :
<html>
<head>
<title> Heading </title>
<body>
<h1 style="background-color:rgb(255, 99, 71);">Welcome</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#FF4500;">Color</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(222, 100%, 64%);">Theory</h1>
</body>
</head>
</html>
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